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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(5): 1789-1796, Sept.-Oct. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131541

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate glutamine supplementation effects on variables of growth performance, body composition, intestinal morphology and enzymatic aspects of juvenile Arapaima gigas. Research was conducted at the Fish Nutrition and Feeding Laboratory, where 60 examples of pirarucu (initial average weight of 82.12g) were distributed over 15 polyethylene tanks (310L), in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and three repetitions (four fish per experimental unit). Experimental diets were prepared containing five inclusion levels of the amino acid glutamine (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%), supplied three times a day for 45 days. Quadratic effect was observed for the variables of growth performance, weight gain, food consumption, food conversion, and specific growth and protein efficiency rates. A significant effect was observed on intestinal villi at the height of the anterior portion and on activity of the enzyme's alkaline proteases, lipase, amylase and aspartate aminotransferase. However, glutamine supplementation had no significant effect on survival rate. Inclusion of 1.02% of glutamine in the diets of juvenile pirarucu improved growth performance and influenced intestinal villi height and activity of important digestive enzymes, favoring nutrient digestion and absorption.(AU)


Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com glutamina sobre variáveis de desempenho produtivo, composição corporal, morfologia do intestino e aspectos enzimáticos de juvenis de Arapaima gigas. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Nutrição e Alimentação de Peixes, onde 60 exemplares de pirarucu (peso médio inicial de 82,12g) foram distribuídos em 15 tanques de polietileno (310L), em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e três repetições (quatro peixes por unidade experimental). As dietas experimentais foram confeccionadas contendo cinco níveis de inclusão do aminoácido glutamina (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0%), fornecidas três vezes ao dia, ao longo de 45 dias. Foi observado efeito quadrático para variáveis de desempenho produtivo: ganho de peso, consumo alimentar, conversão alimentar, taxa de crescimento específico e taxa de eficiência proteica. Observou-se ainda efeito significativo sobre a altura das vilosidades da porção anterior do intestino e a atividade das enzimas: proteases alcalinas, lipase, amilase e aspartato aminotransferase. Entretanto, a suplementação com glutamina não influenciou significativamente a sobrevivência dos animais. A adição de 1,02% de glutamina nas dietas para juvenis de pirarucu melhorou o desempenho produtivo e influenciou a altura das vilosidades intestinais e a atividade de enzimas digestivas importantes, favorecendo a digestão e a absorção de nutrientes.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes/metabolism , Amino Acids/administration & dosage , Glutamine/administration & dosage , Animal Feed/analysis
2.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 48(1): 40-44, Jan.-Mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1092918

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Heart failure represents a public health problem involving high morbidity and mortality. For advanced stages of the disease the use of ventricular assist devices (VADs) has been implemented as destination therapy. The perioperative management of patients with VADs may result in multiple challenges, with optimal pain management being one of those challenges. Objective: To describe the use of erector spinae plain (ESP) block as a rescue analgesia technique in a patient undergoing HeartMate 3 type VAD implantat. Methods: Case report and subject review. Results: The case discussed is a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy and severe ventricular dysfunction, undergoing a HeartMate 3 type VAD implant as destination therapy, under general anesthesia and postoperative analgesia protocol with fentanyl and acetaminophen. During the postoperative period the patient developed acute pain of severe intensity (visual analogue scale [VAS]: 8-10/10), that led to the use of a regional rescue technique-ESP block-that showed satisfactory results with optimal analgesia control (VAS: 1-3/10). Conclusion: The ESP block was a safe and effective option as part of a postoperative analgesia strategy for a patient with a HeartMate 3 type VAD implant.


Resumen Introducción: la insuficiencia cardiaca representa un problema de salud pública con alta morbimortalidad. En estadios avanzados se ha implementado el uso de dispositivos de asistencia ventricular (DAV) como terapia destino. El manejo perioperatorio de pacientes con DAV puede generar múltiples retos, dentro de los cuales se destaca el manejo óptimo del dolor. Objetivo: describir el uso del bloqueo del plano del musculo erector de la espina (ESP) como técnica analgésica de rescate en un paciente llevado a implante de DAV tipo HeartMate 3. Métodos: reporte de caso y revisión de tema. Resultados: se presenta el caso de un paciente con cardiopatía isquémica y disfunción ventricular severa, que fue llevado a un implante de DAV tipo HeartMate 3 como terapia destino, bajo anestesia general y protocolo de analgesia postoperatoria con fentanil y acetaminofén. Durante el posoperatorio presentó dolor agudo de intensidad severa (Escala Visual Análoga: 8-10/10), por lo que se aplicó una técnica regional de rescate: bloqueo ESP, la cual mostró resultados satisfactorios con control analgésico óptimo (Escala Visual Análoga: 1-3/10). Conclusiones: el bloqueo ESP fue una opción segura y efectiva como parte de una estrategia analgésica postoperatoria para un paciente con implante de un DAV tipo HeartMate 3.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Postoperative Period , Heart-Assist Devices , Equipment and Supplies , Analgesia , Anesthesia, General , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Myocardial Ischemia , Ventricular Dysfunction , Acute Pain , Acetaminophen , Cardiomyopathies
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(3): 977-982, May-June 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1011313

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the partial replacement of elephant grass silage with babassu (Orbignya speciosa) on the performance, intake, digestibility, and carcass weight gain of sheep. Fifty-four castrated male lambs (19.08±2.76kg) were distributed in a completely randomized design and administered one of the following treatments: 0.0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5 or 50% dry matter (%DM) replacement of elephant grass silage with babassu cake. No difference (P> 0.05) was observed in the dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber intake, but the ether extract intake increased (P< 0.05). The digestibility of the dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients were unaffected. The crude protein digestibility decreased (P< 0.05), and the ether extract digestibility increased with the replacement of the elephant grass. There were no changes in mean daily weight gain and carcass weight gain. In the carcasses, a linear increase was observed in the proportion of the ether extract, and the crude protein decreased. The replacement of the silage with the babassu cake by up to 50% did not change the performance of sheep, however it led to an increase in fat deposit in the carcass.


Objetivou-se avaliar a substituição parcial da silagem de capim elefante por torta de babaçu (Orbignya speciosa) sobre o desempenho, consumo, digestibilidade, composição química e ganho em peso de carcaça de ovinos. Cinquenta e quatro machos, castrados (19,08±2,76kg) foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e administrado um dos seguintes tratamentos: 0.0, 12.5, 25.0, 37.5 e 50% (%MS) de substituição da silagem pela torta de babaçu. Não houve diferença (P> 0.05) na ingestão de matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro, porém o consumo de extrato etéreo aumentou (P< 0.05). A digestibilidade da matéria seca, fibra em detergente neutro e nutrientes digestíveis totais não foram alterados, no entanto, os coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta reduziu (P< 0.05) e do extrato etéreo aumentou (P< 0.05), com a substituição. Não houve alterações no ganho de peso médio diário e ganho de peso em carcaça. Nas carcaças, observou-se aumento linear na proporção do extrato etéreo, no entanto a porcentagem de proteína bruta diminuiu. O aumento no extrato etéreo da carcaça mostrou uma tendência linear. A substituição da silagem pela torta de babaçu em até 50% não alterou o desempenho de ovinos, porém levou a aumento na deposição de gordura na carcaça.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Sheep, Domestic , Animal Feed
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 78(2): 255-264, May-Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888869

ABSTRACT

Abstract Mytella guyanensis, consumed and commercialized in coastal regions of Brazil, is one of several bivalve species of socioeconomic interest for coastal communities. Besides serving as a source of income and subsistence for these communities, it also contributes to their food security as it is a source of proteins and micronutrients. Thus, the reproductive cycle of this species was studied aiming to contribute to food security and its preservation. Samples were collected monthly, between March 2014 and March 2015, in a natural stock (12°38'50"S; 38°51'43"W) in a Marine Reserve (RESEX Bay of Iguape) (community Engenho da Ponte), Bahia, Brazil. Mytella guyanensis is collected by women on site, where the artisanal fishing of this resource is performed without following any specific handling procedure. Also, empirical evidence indicates overexploitation. The specimens collected were measured along the anterior-posterior axis (length), and after macroscopic analysis they were fixed in Davidson solution, processed by routine histology techniques and stained with Harris haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The macroscopic analysis showed sexual dimorphism, with the male and female gonads presenting a milky-white and orange colour, respectively. A 1:1 sex ratio (M: F) was observed and reproduction of the species was continuous all year round. March, April, July and August were the months with highest values of gamete elimination. We suggest that a M. guyanensis management plan should restrict capture during these months, in order to sustainably regulate exploitation of this food resource in this reserve.


Resumo Mytella guyanensis, consumida e comercializada em regiões litorâneas do Brasil, é uma das diversas espécies de bivalves de interesse socioeconômico para comunidades litorâneas. Além de servir como fonte de renda e subsistência para essas comunidades, esta contribui para a sua segurança alimentar, por ser fonte de proteínas e micronutrientes. Assim, o ciclo reprodutivo desta espécie foi estudado visando contribuir com a segurança alimentar e a preservação da mesma. As amostragens foram realizadas mensalmente, entre março de 2014 e março de 2015 em um estoque natural (12°38'50"S e 38°51'43"W) na Reserva Extrativista Marinha Baía do Iguape (comunidade Engenho da Ponte), Bahia. Mytella guyanensis é coletada no local por mulheres, onde a pesca artesanal desse recurso é realizada sem seguir nenhum procedimento específico de manejo e evidência empírica indica sobrexplotação. Os espécimes coletados foram medidos ao longo do eixo ântero-posterior (comprimento) e após a análise macroscópica, foram fixados em solução de Davidson, processados por técnicas rotineiras de histologia e coradas em hematoxilina de Harris e eosina (HE). A análise macroscópica evidenciou dimorfismo sexual, com as gônadas de machos e fêmeas apresentando coloração branco leitosa e alaranjada, respectivamente. Uma proporção sexual (M: F) de 1:1 foi observada e a reprodução foi contínua ao longo do ano. Março, abril, julho e agosto apresentaram os maiores valores de eliminação de gametas. Sugerimos que um plano de manejo de M. guyanensis restrinja a captura deste durante esses meses, a fim de regular de forma sustentável a exploração desse recurso nesta reserva.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Reproduction/physiology , Mytilidae/physiology , Seasons , Sex Ratio , Brazil , Bays
5.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467065

ABSTRACT

Abstract Mytella guyanensis, consumed and commercialized in coastal regions of Brazil, is one of several bivalve species of socioeconomic interest for coastal communities. Besides serving as a source of income and subsistence for these communities, it also contributes to their food security as it is a source of proteins and micronutrients. Thus, the reproductive cycle of this species was studied aiming to contribute to food security and its preservation. Samples were collected monthly, between March 2014 and March 2015, in a natural stock (12°38'50S; 38°51'43W) in a Marine Reserve (RESEX Bay of Iguape) (community Engenho da Ponte), Bahia, Brazil. Mytella guyanensis is collected by women on site, where the artisanal fishing of this resource is performed without following any specific handling procedure. Also, empirical evidence indicates overexploitation. The specimens collected were measured along the anterior-posterior axis (length), and after macroscopic analysis they were fixed in Davidson solution, processed by routine histology techniques and stained with Harris haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The macroscopic analysis showed sexual dimorphism, with the male and female gonads presenting a milky-white and orange colour, respectively. A 1:1 sex ratio (M: F) was observed and reproduction of the species was continuous all year round. March, April, July and August were the months with highest values of gamete elimination. We suggest that a M. guyanensis management plan should restrict capture during these months, in order to sustainably regulate exploitation of this food resource in this reserve.


Resumo Mytella guyanensis, consumida e comercializada em regiões litorâneas do Brasil, é uma das diversas espécies de bivalves de interesse socioeconômico para comunidades litorâneas. Além de servir como fonte de renda e subsistência para essas comunidades, esta contribui para a sua segurança alimentar, por ser fonte de proteínas e micronutrientes. Assim, o ciclo reprodutivo desta espécie foi estudado visando contribuir com a segurança alimentar e a preservação da mesma. As amostragens foram realizadas mensalmente, entre março de 2014 e março de 2015 em um estoque natural (12°38'50S e 38°51'43W) na Reserva Extrativista Marinha Baía do Iguape (comunidade Engenho da Ponte), Bahia. Mytella guyanensis é coletada no local por mulheres, onde a pesca artesanal desse recurso é realizada sem seguir nenhum procedimento específico de manejo e evidência empírica indica sobrexplotação. Os espécimes coletados foram medidos ao longo do eixo ântero-posterior (comprimento) e após a análise macroscópica, foram fixados em solução de Davidson, processados por técnicas rotineiras de histologia e coradas em hematoxilina de Harris e eosina (HE). A análise macroscópica evidenciou dimorfismo sexual, com as gônadas de machos e fêmeas apresentando coloração branco leitosa e alaranjada, respectivamente. Uma proporção sexual (M: F) de 1:1 foi observada e a reprodução foi contínua ao longo do ano. Março, abril, julho e agosto apresentaram os maiores valores de eliminação de gametas. Sugerimos que um plano de manejo de M. guyanensis restrinja a captura deste durante esses meses, a fim de regular de forma sustentável a exploração desse recurso nesta reserva.

6.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(2,supl.1): 350-355, 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-719464

ABSTRACT

A micropropagação é uma técnica muitas vezes indicada para a multiplicação em larga escala de plantas com propriedades medicinais. Dentre elas, destaca-se a hortelã-pimenta (Mentha x Piperita L.), cujo óleo essencial é utilizado no tratamento de transtornos digestivos e respiratórios. Para otimizar o protocolo de micropropagação dessa espécie são necessários estudos, principalmente quanto à suplementação do meio de cultura para garantir a produção massal in vitro e posterior extração do óleo essencial. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de concentrações e combinações de reguladores de crescimento vegetal na morfogênese in vitro de hortelã-pimenta. Segmentos nodais provenientes de plântulas estabelecidas in vitro foram utilizados como fonte de explante e inoculados em meio de cultura MS suplementado com 0; 2,0 e 4,0 mg L-1 de BAP (6-benzilaminopurina), 0; 0,5 e 1,5 mg L-1 de ANA (ácido naftaleno-acético) e 0; 0,5 e 1,0 mg L-1 de GA3 (ácido giberélico). O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 3x3x3 com oito repetições. Concluiu-se que o BAP favoreceu a sobrevivência de segmentos nodais de M. x Piperita inoculados in vitro e, quando combinado ao GA3, promoveu a brotação dos explantes. Essas características, no entanto, não foram estimuladas pela adição de ANA ao meio de cultura. Conclui-se que após a multiplicação dos brotos in vitro estes devem ser transferidos para meio sem reguladores para seu desenvolvimento. Apesar dos efeitos benéficos do BAP na organogênese de M. x Piperita, elevadas concentrações deste regulador de crescimento vegetal promoveram a formação de calos.


Micropropagation is a technique used for the large-scale production of medicinal plants. Among them, peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) may be mentioned because of the pharmacological importance of its essential oil, which is used on the treatment of digestive and respiratory disorders. Studies are needed in order to optimize the micropropagation protocol of this species, especially concerning the culture medium, to ensure the in vitro mass clonal production and to enable the future extraction of the plant essential oil. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of concentrations and combinations of different plant growth regulators on the in vitro morphogenesis of peppermint. Nodal segments from plantlets already established in vitro were used as explants and inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1 of BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 0, 0.5 and 1.5 mg L-1 of NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and 0; 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1 of GA3 (gibberellic acid). The experiment was in a completely randomized design, set up as a 3x3x3 factorial design with eight replicates. We concluded that BAP increases the survival rate of in vitro inoculated nodal segments of M. x piperita. In addition, its combination with GA3 stimulates explants shooting. Those aspects, however, are not promoted by the addition of NAA into the culture medium. Also, the results indicate that, after in vitro multiplication, peppermint shoots must be transferred to another medium without plant growth regulators for shoot elongation. High concentrations of BAP promote calli induction, despite having beneficial effects on the organogenesis of M. piperita.


Subject(s)
In Vitro Techniques/instrumentation , Mentha piperita/growth & development , Tissue Culture Techniques/methods , Cytokinins/analysis , Gibberellins/adverse effects
7.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(2,supl.1): 444-449, 2014. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-719474

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estabelecer in vitro a espécie Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown e promover a aclimatização de mudas dessa espécie. Para isso, foi testada a influência de diferentes concentrações e tempos de imersão em hipoclorito de sódio na assepsia dos explantes. Segmentos nodais foram imersos em hipoclorito de sódio nas concentrações 0,4; 0,6; 0,8 e 1,0 % e nos tempos 8, 12 e 16 minutos. Após 30 dias avaliou-se a contaminação bacteriana (%), número de brotos, número de folhas, e a taxa de sobrevivência (%). A concentração de 1% de hipoclorito de sódio foi a mais eficiente no controle da contaminação. Ápices caulinares de L. alba foram estabelecidos in vitro em meio MS suplementado com diferentes doses de BAP (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 mg L-1). Após 140 dias avaliou-se a contaminação (%), a taxa de sobrevivência (%), a oxidação (%) e o número de brotos. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos para a dose 1,5 mg L-1 deste regulador. Para a aclimatização foram testados quatro tipos de substratos: pó de coco + calcário (1 g L-1), Plantmax® + calcário (1 g L-1), vermiculita + calcário (1 g L-1) e pó de coco + Plantmax® + vermiculita (1:1:1) + calcário (1 g L-1). Avaliou-se a taxa de sobrevivência (%), comprimento da parte aérea (cm), comprimento da raiz (cm), massa fresca da parte aérea e da raiz (g), e a massa seca da parte aérea e da raiz (g). Os melhores resultados foram obtidos quando com o substrato comercial Plantmax®.


The present study aimed to establish the species Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown in vitro and promote the acclimatization of the seedlings of this species. Therefore, we tested the effect of different concentrations and immersiog times in sodium hypochloritetfor the disinfection of explants. Nodal segments were immersed in sodium hypochlorite at the different concentrations of ,.4; ,.6; ,.8 and ,.0% during the different times of 8, 12 and 16 minutes. After 30 days, bacterial contamination (%), number of shoots, number of leaves and survival rate (%) were evaluated. The 1% concentration of sodium hypochlorite was more effective in controlling contamination. Shoot apices of L. alba were established in vitro on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (;, ,.5; ,.0; ,.5 mg L-1). After 140 days, we evaluated the contamination (%), survival rate (%), oxidation (%) and number of shoots. The best results were obtained when we used the dose of ,.5 mg L-1 of this regulator. For acclimatization, we tested four types of substrates: coconut powder + lime (1 g L-1), Plantmax® + lime (1 g L-1), vermiculite + lime (1 g L-1) and coconut powder + Plantmax® + vermiculite (1:1:1) + lime (1 g L-1). We evaluated the survival rate (%), shoot length (cm), root length (cm), fresh weight of shoot and root (g) and dry weight of shoot and root (g). The best results were obtained when using the substrate Plantmax®.


Subject(s)
Melissa/growth & development , Lippia/growth & development , Sodium Hypochlorite/administration & dosage , Substrates for Biological Treatment/adverse effects
8.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(3): 552-560, jul.-set. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-722276

ABSTRACT

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a biomassa, o rendimento e a composição de óleo essencial de Melissa officinalis L. submetida a diferentes épocas de plantio, sistemas de cultivo, e adubações. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC), em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, sendo duas épocas de plantio (verão e inverno), dois sistemas de cultivo (estufa e campo), e dois tipos de adubação (mineral e orgânica). A colheita consistiu no corte de todas as plantas da parcela útil. Após a colheita, foi avaliada a massa fresca foliar, a altura de plantas, o comprimento e largura das folhas. A extração de óleo essencial foi realizada por hidrodestilação e a composição química foi analisada em cromatógrafo gasoso acoplado a espectrômetro de massas. Das substâncias encontradas, prevaleceram como constituintes majoritários os monoterpenos geranial e neral na colheita de verão, e geranial, neral e citronelal na colheita de inverno. As condições do ambiente protegido e do verão propiciaram melhor biomassa de melissa, maior rendimento de óleo essencial, e maior taxa do constituinte citral.


The objectives of this study were to evaluate the biomass, yield and composition of essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. under differents seasons, systems of planting and fertilizations. The experimental design was a randomized block design (RBD), in a factorial 2 x 2 x 2 with two seasons of harvest (summer and winter), two systems of planting (greenhouse and field) and two types of fertilizer (mineral and organic). The harvest consisted of cutting all plants of central line. After harvest, it were evaluated the leaf fresh weight, height of the plant, length and width of the leaves. The essential oil extraction was performed by hydrodistillation and the chemical composition was performed by gas chromatography coupled by mass spectrometry. The major constituents were geranial and neral in summer harvest and geranial, neral and citronellal in winter harvest. The conditions of the greenhouse and the summer presented the better biomass, higher yield of oil and higher rate of citral.


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , /analysis , Crop Protection/instrumentation , Crop Production , Biomass
9.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 15(1): 72-77, 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-669538

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se o horário de colheita da erva-cidreira brasileira [Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br.], fenotipo carvona-limoneno, tem influência sobre a produção de massa foliar, rendimento e composição do óleo essencial. Foram avaliados cinco horários de colheita quando a cultura estava com 145 dias desde o transplante: 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 e 16:00 h com cinco repetições, distribuídos em blocos casualizados. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado da FCA-UNESP/Botucatu no Setor de Horticultura do Departamento de Produção Vegetal. A colheita foi realizada a 15 cm da superfície do solo e o óleo essencial obtido através de hidrodestilação, em aparelho tipo Clevenger. Levou-se em consideração os fatores agronômicos e o rendimento obtido por hidrodestilação. O óleo essencial foi analisado em cromatógrafo gasoso acoplado a espectrômetro de massas (CG/EM). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (Teste F) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Não houve diferença estatística para produção de massa foliar, teor de óleo essencial e produtividade de óleo essencial em massa fresca e seca. No entanto, entre os compostos majoritários do óleo essencial das folhas, carvona e limoneno, a melhor produtividade de carvona foi obtida às 10:00 h, em matéria fresca (2,050 L ha-1) e em matéria seca (2,068 L ha-1), e para o limoneno às 16:00 h, em matéria fresca (1,068 L ha-1) e em matéria seca (1,060 L ha-1).


This study aimed to verify whether the harvest time of the "Brazilian erva-cidreira" [Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br.], limonene-carvone chemotype, influences leaf mass production and essential oil yield and composition. Five different harvest times were evaluated at 145 days after transplanting: 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00, with five replicates, distributed in randomized blocks. The experiment was carried out at Lageado Experimental Farm of the School of Agronomical Sciences FCA-UNESP/Botucatu, Horticulture Sector, Department of Plant Production. Harvest was conducted from 15 cm above the soil surface and essential oil was obtained through steam distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. Both the agronomical factors and the yield obtained through steam distillation were considered. The essential oil was analyzed in a gas chromatographer coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Results were subjected to analysis of variance (F Test) and means were compared according to Tukey's test. There was no statistical difference for leaf mass production, essential oil content and essential oil yield in fresh and dry matter. However, considering the major essential oil compounds, carvone and limonene, the best yield was obtained at 10:00 for carvone in fresh (2050 L ha-1) and dry matter (2068 L ha-1), and at 16:00 for limonene in fresh (1068 L ha-1) and dry matter (1060 L ha-1).


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/analysis , Melissa/metabolism , Crop Production , Secondary Metabolism
10.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 14(1): 110-121, 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-644621

ABSTRACT

Esta revisão tem por objetivo levantar dados de literatura sobre o histórico e a situação atual das técnicas de cultura de tecidos em plantas medicinais. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão de publicações do período de 1976 a 2009. A cultura de tecidos é muito utilizada em pesquisas envolvendo plantas medicinais, com destaque para a técnica de micropropagação. A aplicação das técnicas de cultura de tecidos em plantas medicinais tem como perspectivas a obtenção de germoplasma competitivo e adaptado a diversos métodos de cultivo, escolha de novas espécies que servirão como fonte de compostos biologicamente ativos e aprimoramento da produção de fitofármacos, a fim de assegurar exploração sustentável destas espécies.


The aim of this literature review is to conduct a survey concerning the history and current situation of tissue culture techniques in medicinal plants. Therefore, a review was done considering the period from 1976 to 2009. Tissue culture is widely applied in medicinal plants researches, especially micropropagation. The perspectives of tissue culture techniques in medicinal plants are related to the development of competitive germoplasm adapted to diverse methods of cultivation, the election of new species that will serve as source of biological active composts, and the improvement of phytochemicals production, in order to assure sustainable exploration of these species.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/classification , Tissue Culture Techniques/methods , Biotechnology/instrumentation , Crop Production
11.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 14(spe): 149-153, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-648539

ABSTRACT

Lippia alba é uma planta de origem brasileira, pertencente à família Verbenaceae. É conhecida por combater a insônia e a asma, além de possuir ação anticonvulsivante e antifúngica. A micropropagação tem sido utilizada para multiplicação de várias espécies com propriedades medicinais, e o BAP é a citocinina sintética mais utilizada para a multiplicação in vitro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer a concentração adequada de BAP na multiplicação in vitro de L. alba. Explantes constituídos de segmentos nodais provenientes de plântulas já estabelecidas in vitro com aproximadamente 0,5 cm foram inoculados em meio MS, suplementado com 0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 mg L-1 de BAP em adição de 30 g L-1 de sacarose. A utilização de 1,5 mg L-1 de BAP promove a multiplicação in vitro de L. alba. A ausência deste regulador propicia maior número de folhas e o uso na concentração de 0,5 mg L-1 aumentou as massas fresca e seca de parte aérea nesta espécie.


Lippia alba is a Brazilian plant, belonging to the Verbenaceae family. It is known to combat insomnia and asthma, also has antifungal and anticonvulsant actions. Micropropagation has been used for propagation of various species with medicinal properties, and BAP is the most widely used synthetic cytokinin for in vitro multiplication. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate concentration of BAP on in vitro multiplication of L. alba. Explants consisting of nodal segments from seedlings already established in vitro with approximately 0.5 cm were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 mg L-1 of BAP and 30 g L-1 of sucrose. The use of 1.5 mg L-1 of BAP promotes the in vitro multiplication of L. alba. The absence of this regulator provides a greater number of leaves and its use at the concentration of 0.5 mg L-1 increased shoots' fresh and dry weights in this specie.


Subject(s)
Vernonia/growth & development , Plant Development , Cytokinins/administration & dosage , Seedlings/growth & development
12.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 13(spe): 533-538, 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-618327

ABSTRACT

O hortelã-pimenta é um hibrido triplo, Mentha x piperita, utilizado de forma medicinal no tratamento de náuseas, cólicas gastrointestinais, flatulências, cálculos biliares, icterícia, ansiedade, expectoração e expulsão de vermes intestinais. Na micropropagação, o BAP (6-benzilaminopurina) e KIN (cinetina) têm sido as fontes de citocininas mais empregadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de reguladores vegetais na multiplicação in vitro de hortelã-pimenta. Explantes constituídos de segmentos nodais provenientes de plântulas já estabelecidas in vitro com aproximadamente 0,5 cm foram inoculados em meio MS, suplementado com diferentes associações de BAP e KIN, em adição de 30 g L-1 de sacarose. As concentrações de citocininas utilizadas foram 0,0; 1,0 e 2,0 mg L-1 de BAP e 0,0; 0,5 e 1,0 mg L-1 de KIN. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com nove tratamentos consistindo de cinco frascos cada um, sendo que cada frasco continha quatro explantes. A utilização de 2,0 mg L-1 de BAP promove a multiplicação in vitro de hortelã-pimenta, porém, diminui o índice de sobrevivência. O uso de citocininas aumenta a massa fresca e seca dos explantes e a ausência destes reguladores propicia o alongamento nesta espécie.


Peppermint is used for medical treatments of nausea, gastrointestinal cramps, flatulence, gallstones, jaundice, anxiety, sputum and expulsion of intestinal worms. In micropropagation, BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and KIN (kinetin) have been the most widely used sources of cytokinins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators in multiplication of peppermint. Explants consisting of nodal segments from seedlings already established in vitro with approximately 0,5 cm were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with different combinations of BAP and KIN and 30 g L-1 of sucrose. The concentrations of cytokinins used were 0,0; 1,0 and 2,0 mg L-1 of BAP and 0,0; 0,5 and 1,0 mg L-1 of KIN. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with nine treatments consisting of five bottles each, and each vial contained four explants. The use of 2,0 mg L-1 of BAP promotes the in vitro multiplication of peppermint, but decreases the survival rate. Cytokinins increase fresh and dry weight of explants and the absence of these regulators provides the elongation in this specie.


Subject(s)
Plant Growth Regulators/analysis , Mentha piperita/growth & development , Cytokinins/administration & dosage , Tissue Culture Techniques/methods
13.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 11(4): 422-432, out.-dez. 2005. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-417717

ABSTRACT

Injuries caused by venomous snakes are considered a problem of public health in Brazil, and further studies for a better knowledge are very important. The aim of this work is to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics that were observed from 1995 to 2000 in the Hospital for Tropical Diseases of Araguaína, Tocantins State, Brazil, which is a unit of health that takes care of patients suffering from tropical diseases. We studied 440 individuals and the most common characteristics observed were masculine sex, age among 15-45 years, bite in low members, and injuries caused by snakes of the Bothrops genus. The signs and symptoms more frequently observed were edema, pain, erythema, and bleeding. The most observed systemic manifestation was alteration of blood coagulation. The most frequent complications were abscess, necrosis, bacterial infection, and renal failure. The mortality rate was 3%. These data are very important for the evaluation of the problem


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Bothrops , Brazil/epidemiology , Crotalid Venoms , Crotalus , Hospital Units , Snake Venoms
14.
Braz. j. biol ; 65(4): 583-588, Nov. 2005. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-422565

ABSTRACT

A Restinga de Jurubatiba possui pelo menos 10 formações vegetais, entre elas a Arbustiva Aberta de Clusia. Esta formação é constituída por moitas densas de várias formas e tamanhos, sendo a espécie Clusia hilariana uma das mais importantes. Moitas com Clusia (CC) têm menor riqueza vegetal e são menos densas que moitas sem Clusia (SC). Oryzomys subflavus (Rodentia) é a espécie mais abundante de pequeno mamífero na Arbustiva Aberta de Clusia. Nós testamos a hipótese que a abundância do roedor aumentaria com o tamanho da área da moita e seria maior em moitas SC. Os roedores foram capturados, marcados e soltos em três transectos de 780 metros de extensão. Em cada ponto de armadilhamento, nós avaliamos a forma da moita, calculamos sua área e anotamos se era uma moita CC ou SC. Nós testamos por ANCOVA, se a abundância de O. subflavus aumentava com a área amostrada e se diferenciava em moitas CC ou SC. Nós também testamos se o tamanho das moitas usadas pelos roedores variavam na mesma freqüência que o tamanho de moitas disponíveis. A abundância do roedor aumentou com o aumento da área, mas as retas de regressão das moitas CC e SC não diferiram nem na inclinação e nem na elevação. O padrão na abundância de O. subflavus em diferentes classes de tamanho de moitas não diferiu do número disponível de moitas observadas por classes. Esses resultados indicam que O. subflavus é uma espécie generalista na área estudada, usando o hábitat de acordo com o que está disponível.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ecosystem , Plants , Sigmodontinae/physiology , Brazil , Population Density
15.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 33(12): 1497-500, Dec. 2000. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-274893

ABSTRACT

The study was performed to investigate possible alterations in oxygen consumption in an animal model with broad intestinal resection. Oxygen consumption and the thermal effect of a short meal were measured in rats subjected to short bowel syndrome. Four groups of rats were used. Group I was the control group, group II was sham operated, group III was submitted to 80 percent jejunum-ileum resection, and group IV was submitted to 80 percent jejunum-ileum resection with colon interposition. Ninety days after surgery, oxygen consumption was measured over a period of 6 h with the animals fasted overnight. The thermal effect of feeding was determined in another session of oxygen consumption measurement in animals fasted for 12 h. A 12-kcal meal was then introduced into the animal chamber and oxygen consumption was measured for a further 4 h. No differences in fasting oxygen consumption or in the thermal effect of the meal were detected among the groups studied. It is concluded that short bowel syndrome does not affect the overall energy expenditure of rats


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Ileum/surgery , Jejunum/surgery , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Short Bowel Syndrome/surgery , Anastomosis, Surgical , Disease Models, Animal , Eating , Hot Temperature , Postprandial Period , Rats, Wistar
16.
Rev. Hosp. Säo Paulo Esc. Paul. Med ; 6(3/4): 75-9, July-Dec. 1995. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-180108

ABSTRACT

Energy balance of control and melanoma-bearing mice was determined after 15 days of controlled food intake. Body and tumor energy contents were evaluated after preparing the materials for bomb calorimetry. Neither energy intake nor expenditure was different between control and melanoma mice. Body energy gain was lower in melanoma mice, but including tumor energy both groups had similar energy gain during the experimental period. It is concluded that a two-week skin melanoma did not seriously affect the energy balance of mice, and that tumor growth was achieved by utilizing body energy without promoting any increase in energy intake.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Body Weight , Energy Intake , Energy Metabolism , Melanoma/metabolism , Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
17.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 28(9): 1019-23, Sept. 1995. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-161096

ABSTRACT

Data from our laboratory have demonstrated that food restriction leads to alterations in energy balance such as reduced energy expenditure as an energy conservation mechanism. Food restriction may be imposed on the animals in different ways. The most common is to give equal daily amounts of restricted food. Alternatively, food may be given once every two or three days so that the food intake is not constant with the animal tending to eat more on the first day and be very restricted during the subsequent days of period. The former model may elicit habituation to the low food intake-while the latter may decrease the habituatiuon stimulus since the food intake is not constant. Energy balance was determined in 3 groups of female rats weighing 206,7 + or - 2.0 g (N=6 each): control (C), which, received food ad libitum; continuosly food restricted (CR), which received 8 g of food daily, and intermittently food restricted (IR), which received 24 g of food every 3 days. On the 21st day of treatment, the animals from both food-restricted groups showed a similar reduction of body weight (-47,9 + or - 5,1 and -55.8 + or - 4.0 g for CR and IR, respectively) and body energy (-501.0 + or - 65.5 and -427.0 + or - 82.1 for CR and IR, respectively), and they had similar energy expenditure (2643 + or - 72 and 2518 + or - 97 for CR and IR, respectively) which was different from ad libitum controls (4.6 + or - 2.9 body weight gain, 277,3 + or - 42.5 body energy gain and 4574 + or - 290 energy expenditure). Body weight decreased continuously in the CR group while in the IR group it followed the pattern of food intake with up-and-down shifts. We conclude that the energy balance pattern presented by food restricted animals in the same regardless of the form of food restriction imposed


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Body Weight , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Food Deprivation/physiology , Feeding Behavior , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
18.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 25(2): 205-8, 1992. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-109020

ABSTRACT

Oxygen consumption is usually measured on fasted animals to avoid the thermal effect of feeding. However, fasting itself may decrease oxyge consumption as a way of conserving energy. The present study was undertaken to determine how long the fasting period should be to avoid the thermal effect of feeding without promoting a further decrease in oxygen consumption by the activation of energy-conservation mechanisms. Oxygen consumption was also measured to evaluate the effect of refeeding after different fasting periods. There was a 16% decrease in oxygen consumption from 0 to 12 h fasting related to the thermal effect of feeding, followed by a less intense (12%) decrease from 12 to 48 h fasting resulting from the energy conservationn mechanism. During refeeding, oxygen consumption was higher during the first 30-min period than during the last 30-min period of the 1-h measurement, indicating the probable presence of a cephalic phase of postprandial thermogenesis. We conclude that 12-h fasting is the most appropriate period to avoid the thermal effect of feeding without significantly stimulating the energy conservation mechanism


Subject(s)
Rats , Cold Temperature/adverse effects , Eating , Energy Metabolism , Fasting , Hot Temperature/adverse effects , Oxygen Consumption
19.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 23(8): 729-33, 1990. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-92331

ABSTRACT

Energy balance of pregnant and non-pregnant female rats was determined after 20 days of gestation. Energy contents of male and female pups and placentae were also determined. The metabolizable energy intake of pregnant rats was 33% higher than that of non-pregnant controls. Body weight gain was 9.4-fold that of non-pregnant rats. Gains in energy was stored, probably for later use in an energy-requiring process such as lactation. Food was processed as expected in pregnant rats, since although gross food efficiency (gain in body energy divided by metabolizable energy intake) was greater in pregnant than in non-pregnant rats (5.4% vs 17.5%), only 53.7% of the extra energy intake was deposited in the dams


Subject(s)
Rats , Female , Pregnancy , Diet , Energy Metabolism , Pregnancy, Animal/physiology , Body Weight , Nutritive Value , Rats, Wistar
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